Research and Development as a Basis for Technological Development in Slovenia

Authors

  • Prof. Dr. Peter Stanovnik Institute for Economic Research, Kardeljeva ploščad 17, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Sonja Uršič, M.Bs. Institute for Economic Research, Kardeljeva ploščad 17, Ljubljana, Slovenia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32015/JIMB/2019-11-1-3

Keywords:

research and development, structure of R&D expenditures, technological development, Slovenia

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the research and development (R&D) as one of the key determinants that promote innovation, technological development and, indirectly, economic growth and the competitiveness of economies and businesses. International comparisons at the macroeconomic level over the past 17 years show a slow rise in the coefficient (ratios) between R&D expenditures and GDP. In the most advanced economies, the share of R&D expenditure is approaching or even exceeding 3% of GDP. Slovenia is one of the countries that did not reach the OECD average, which stood at 2.3% of GDP in 2016. In the period 2013-2017, a negative trend in R&D expenditures in Slovenia was established for various reasons (change in R&D recording, tax relief, economic conjuncture). In a very small proportion of targeted applied research and experimental development, we can search for the causes of technological backlogs in the Slovenian economy.

In the future, research policy must, to a greater extent, promote interactive cooperation between enterprises, institutes, universities, and state institutions; change the structure of publicly funded research in favour of targeted applied research; increase internationalization through integration into international value chains; develop the market of innovative public procurement. R&D management in enterprises must accelerate innovation efforts not only in high technology segments, but also in the field of medium and low technology with a higher role of venture capital, a significant increase in the number of researchers in enterprises, and the use of a voucher system for research and consulting services, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises.

References

Črnigoj, M. (2016). "The Responsiveness of Corporate Investments to Changes in Corporate Income Taxation During the Financial Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Slovenian Firms," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, vol. 52(9), pp. 2165-2177.

EC. (2014). Taxation paper No 52: A Study on R&D Tax Incentives: Final report. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

EC. (2018). EIS 2018 – European Innovation Scoreboard 2018. Brussels: European Commission, DG for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs.

EC. (2019). Research and Innovation Analysis in the European Semester 2019 Country reports. Brussels: European Commission, DG Research and Innovation.

FMSRE. (2016). Austrian Research and Technology Report 2015. Vienna: Federal Ministry of Sciences, Research and Economy.

Glavič, P. in Petrovič, A. (2017). Trajnostni razvoj Slovenije. Ljubljana: Inženirska akademija Slovenije.

IAS. (2016). Slovenija 5.0. Ljubljana: Inženirska akademija Slovenije.

IAS. (2018). Razumevanje inovacijskega procesa v Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Inženirska akademija Slovenije.

VRS. (2017). Nacionalni reformni program 2016-2017. Ljubljana: Vlada Republike Slovenije.

OECD. (2013). Interconnected economies: Benefiting from global value chains. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD. (2015). The Innovation Imperative: Contributing to Productivity, Growth and Well-Being. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD. (2016). OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016. Paris: OECD Publishing. Dostopno prek: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/sti_in_outlook-2016-en [29. 1. 2019]

OECD. (2017). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017: The digital transformation. Paris: OECD Publishing. Dostopno prek: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268821-en [29. 1. 2019]

Resolucija o raziskovalni in inovacijski strategiji Slovenije 2011–2020 (ReRIS11-20). Uradni list RS, št. 43/11.

Stanovnik, P., Uršič, S. in Drnovšek, M. (2016). Spremljanje nacionalne konkurenčnosti Slovenije po metodologiji IMD za leto 2016: zaključno poročilo. Ljubljana: Inštitut za ekonomska raziskovanja, Univerza v Ljubljani Ekonomska fakulteta.

Stanovnik, P., Uršič, S. in Drnovšek, M. (2017). Spremljanje nacionalne konkurenčnosti Slovenije po metodologiji IMD za leto 2017: zaključno poročilo. Ljubljana: Inštitut za ekonomska raziskovanja, Univerza v Ljubljani Ekonomska fakulteta.

Stanovnik, P., Uršič, S. in Drnovšek, M. (2018). Spremljanje nacionalne konkurenčnosti Slovenije po metodologiji IMD za leto 2018: zaključno poročilo. Ljubljana: Inštitut za ekonomska raziskovanja, Univerza v Ljubljani Ekonomska fakulteta.

SURS (2018). Raziskovalno-razvojna dejavnost, Slovenija, 2017. Prva objava, 8. november 2018 (začasni podatki). Dostopno prek: https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/news/Index/7765 [22. 2. 2019].

SURS. (2019). Podatkovna baza SI-STAT. Izdatki za raziskovalno-razvojno dejavnost. Dostopno prek: https://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Ekonomsko/23_raziskovanje_razvoj/03_raz_razvoj_dej/01_23642_izdatki-fin/01_23642_izdatki-fin.asp [22. 2. 2019].

SVRK. (2015). Slovenska Strategija pametne specializacije S4. Ljubljana: Služba Vlade RS za razvoj in evropsko kohezijsko politiko. Dostopno prek: http://www.svrk.gov.si/fileadmin/svrk.gov.si/pageuploads/ Dokumenti_za_objavo_na_vstopni_strani/S4_strategija_V_Dec17.pdf [12. 2. 2019].

Verbič, M., Črnigoj, M. in Čok, M. (2013). Izgradnja simulacijskega modela za davek od dohodkov pravnih oseb. Ljubljana: Inštitut za ekonomska raziskovanja.

Published

2019-05-15

Issue

Section

Original article

How to Cite

Stanovnik, P., & Uršič, S. (2019). Research and Development as a Basis for Technological Development in Slovenia. Mednarodno Inovativno Poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management, 11(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.32015/JIMB/2019-11-1-3