Family Businesses' Culture and Innovativeness of Successors

  • Assist. Prof. Dr. Marina Letonja DOBA Business School Maribor, Prešernova ulica 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
  • Prof. Dr. Mojca Duh University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Keywords: family business, successors, organizational culture, innovativeness, transition country

Abstract

The article empirically examines the relationship between family businesses’ culture and successors’ innovativeness. The research results demonstrate that the family business culture of individual orientation is perceived by successors as very important for their innovativeness and positively influences their creativity and process innovations. The empirical evidence also supports our hypothesis that long-term orientation of the family businesses culture positively affects successors’ creativity, original thinking, experimenting with new ways of doing things, development of new ideas, new products and services. Research findings show that relationships between family businesses’ culture influenced by founders’ value system and successors’ innovativeness are complex.

References

Antončič, B., Auer Antončič, J. and Juričič, D. (2015). Družinsko podjetništvo: značilnosti v Sloveniji, Ljubljana: EY.

Astrachan, J.H., Klein, S.B. and Smyrnios, K.X. (2002). The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem. Family Business Review, 15 (1), pp. 45-58.

Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R.N., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl G. and Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A 10-country comparison. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49 (1), pp. 192-221.

Barney, J., Wright, M. and Ketchen, D.J. Jr. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27 (6), pp. 625-641.

Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R. (2001). Organizational Knowledge Management: A Contingency Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18 (1), pp. 23–55.

Bekö, J. and Jagrič, T. (2011). Demand models for direct mail and periodicals delivery service: results for a transition economy. Applied economics, 43 (9), pp. 1125-1138.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. [online]. Available at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=oa_textbooks. [Accessed: 20. 01. 2016].

Bjuggren, P.O. and Sund, L.G. (2001). Strategic Decision Making in Intergenerational Successions of Small‐and Medium‐Size Family‐Owned Businesses. Family Business Review, 14 (1), pp. 11-24.

Bjuggren, P.-O. and Sund, L.-G. (2002). A transaction cost rationale for transition of the firm within the family. Small Business Economics, 19 (2), pp. 123-133.

Brun de Ponet, S./Wrosch, C./Gagne, M. (2007): An exploration of the generational differences in levels of control held among family business approaching succession, in: Family Business review, 20, 4, 337-353.

Buşega, I. and Dachin, A. (2015). Aspects of structural adjustments in CEE countries during the economic crisis. Post-crisis developments in Economics, 24 (1), pp. 75-84.

Cabrera-Suárez, K., De Saa-Pérez, P. and García-Almeida, D. (2001). The Succession Process from a Resource and Knowledge-based View of the Family Firm. Family Business Review, 14 (1), pp. 37–46.

Cakar, N.D. and Ertuerk, A. (2010). Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises: Examining the effects of organizational culture and empowerment. Journal of Small Business Management, 48 (3), pp. 325-359.

Cameron, K. and Quinn, R. (1999). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Chirico, F. (2008). Knowledge Accumulation in Family Firms: Evidence from Four Case Studies. International Small Business Journal, 26 (4), pp. 433-462.

Chirico, F. and Nordqvist, M. (2010). Dynamic capabilities and trans-generational value creation in family firms: The role of organizational culture. International Small Business Journal, 28 (5), pp. 487-504.

Covin, J.G. and Slevin, D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behaviour. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 (1), pp. 7-25.

Covin, J.G. and Wales, W.J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36 (4), pp. 677-702.

Craig, J.B.L. and Moores, K. (2006). A 10-year longitudinal investigation of strategy, systems, and environment on innovation in family firms. Family Business Review, 19 (1), pp. 1-10.

Cruz, C. and Nordquist, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation in family businesses: A generational perspective. Small Business Economics, 38 (1), pp. 33-49.

Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P.A. and Kent, D. (2019. Tradition in organizations: A custodian framework. Academy of management Annals, 13 (1), pp. 342-373.

Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34 (3), pp. 555-590.

Davidsson, P. and Wiklund, J. (2001). Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: Current research practice and suggestion for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25 (4), pp. 81-99.

Deal, T. and Kennedy, A.A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Kotlar, J, Petruzzelli, A.M. and Wright, M. (2016). Innovation through tradition: Lessons from innovative family businesses and directions for future research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30 (1), pp. 93 – 116.

Denison, D., Lief, C. and Ward, J. (2004). Culture in Family-Owned Enterprises: Recognizing and Leveraging Unique Strengths. Family Business Review, 17 (1), pp. 61-70.

Diaz-Moriana, V, Clinton, E., Kammerlander, N., Lumpkin, G.T. and Craig, J.B. (2018). Innovation motives in family firms: A transgenerational view. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 (3), 1042258718803015.

Dierickx, I. and Cool, K. (1989). Assert stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35 (12), pp. 1504-1511.

Donckels, R. and Fröhlich, E. (1991). Sind Familienbetriebe wirklich anders? Europäische STRATOS-Efrahrungen. Internationales Gewerbearchiv, 4, pp. 219–235.

Duh, M. (2009). Distinctive characteristic of family business and supporting infrastructure: comparison of Slovenia with EU and other countries. In K. Širec (Ed.), Dynamics of Slovenian entrepreneurship: Slovenian entrepreneurship observatory 2008, Maribor: Faculty of Economics and Business, pp. 105-121.

Duh, M. (2014). Family business succession as knowledge creation process. Kybernetes, 43 (5), pp. 699-714.

Duran, P., Kammerlander, N., Van Essen, M. and Zellweger, T. (2016). Doing more with less: Innovation input and output in family firms. Academy of management Journal, 59, pp. 1224–1264.

Dyck, B., Mauws, M., Starke, F.A. and Mischke, G.A. (2002). Passing the baton. The importance of sequence, timing, technique and communication in executive succession. Journal of Business Venturing, 17 (2), pp. 143–162.

Dyer, W. G. (1988). Culture and continuity in family firms. Family Business Review, 1 (1), pp. 37-50.

Erdogan, I., Rondi, E. and De Massis, A. (2020). Managing the tradition and innovation paradox in family firms: A family imprinting perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44 (1), pp. 20-54.

Frank, H., Kessler, A., Bachner, C., Fuetsch, E. and Suess-Reyes, J. (2019). Principles for innovation management in family firms: An analysis of long term successful good practices with a practitioner validation of the principles. Journal of Family Business Management, 9 (3), pp. 319-348.

Ganzaroli, A., Fiscato, G. and Pilotti, L. (2006). Does business succession enhance firm's innovation capacity? Results from an exploratory analysis in Italian SMEs, Working paper n. 2006-29, 2nd Workshop on Family Firm Management Research. Nice, Italy [online]. Available at: https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/handle/2434/38616/ 111045/SSRN-id944043.pdf;jsessionid=00802DE2C4FD9E8698B6F9CD1FADEu5FB.suir-unimi-prod-02. [Accessed: 5. 02. 2017].

García-Álvarez, E., López-Sintas, J. and Gonzalvo, P.S. (2002). Socialization Patterns of Successors in First- to Second-Generation Family Businesses”, Family Business Review, 15 (3), pp. 189-203.

García-Álvarez, E. and López-Sintas, J. (2001). A Taxonomy of Founders based on Values: The Root of Family Business Heterogeneity. Family Business Review, 14 (3), pp. 209-230.

Gersick, K.E., Davis, J.A., McCollom Hampton, M. and Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to Generation. Life Cycles of the Family Business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Giambatista, R.C., Rowe, W.G. and Riaz, S. (2005). Nothing Succeeds Like Succession: A Critical Review of Leader Succession Literature Since 1994. The Leadership Quarterly, 16 (6), pp. 963-991.

Grosman, A., Okhmatovskiy, I. and Wright, M. (2016). State Control and Corporate Governance in Transition Economies: 25 Years on From 1989. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 24 (3), pp. 200-221.

Hall, A., Melin, L. and Nordquist, M. (2001). Entrepreneurship as radical change in the family business: Exploring the role of cultural patterns. Family Business Review, 14 (3), pp. 193-208.

Hoskisson, R.E., Wright, M., Filatotchev, I. and Peng, M.W. (2013). Emerging Multinationals from Mid-Range Economies: The Influence of Institutions and Factor Markets. Journal of Management Studies, 50 (7), pp. 1295-1321.

Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. (1997). Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. Hampshire: Palgrave.

Jackson, D.N. (1994). Jackson Personality Inventory-Revised Manual. Port Heron, MI: Sigma Assessment Systems, Inc.

Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J.G. and rau, S.B. (2015). Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 30 (1), pp. 29-49.

Kelly, L., Athanassiou, N. and Crittenden, W. (2000). Founder centrality and strategic behaviour in the family-owned firm. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 25 (2), pp. 27-42.

Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1993). The dynamics of family controlled firms: The good and the bad news. Organizational Dynamics, 21 (3), pp. 59-71.

Klein, S.B., Astrachan, J.H. and Smyrnios, K.X. (2005). The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: Construction, Validation, and Further Implication for Theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (3), pp. 321-339.

Koellinger, P. (2008). Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others? Small Business Economics, 31 (1), pp. 21-37.

Laforet, S. (2012). Inovation in small family businesses. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA.

Lahovnik, M. (2004). The cornerstones of corporate strategies in Slovenia and Croatia. Journal for East European Management Studies, 90 (3), pp. 313-327.

Lambrecht, J. and Lievens, J. (2008). Pruning the Family Tree: An Unexplored Path to Family Business Continuity and Family Harmony. Family Business Review, 21 (4), pp. 295-313.

Le Breton-Miller, I., Miller, D. and Steier, L.P. (2004). Toward an Integrative Model of Effective FOB Succession. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28 (3), pp. 305-328.

Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance: An Integrative View and Empirical Examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20 (1), pp. 179-228.

Leiss, G. and Zehrer, A. (2018). Intergenerational Communication in family firm succession. Journal of Family Business Management, 8 (5), pp. 333-350.

Letonja, M. and Duh, M. (2015). Successors’ Innovativeness as a Crucial Succession Challenge of Family Businesses in Transition Economies: The Case of Slovenia. In L.P. Dana, V. Ramadani (Ed.), Family Businesses in Transition Economies, Cham: Springer, pp. 157-174.

Litz, R. and Kleysen, R. F. (2001).Your Old Men Shall Dream Dreams, Your Young Men Shall See Visions: Toward a Theory of Family Firm Innovation with Help of the Brubeck Family. Family Business Review, 14 (4), pp. 335-352.

Malinen, P. (2004). Problems in Transfer of Business Experienced by Finish Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11 (1), pp. 130-139.

Mandl, I. (2008). Overview of Family Business Relevant Issues, Final Report, Austrian Institute for SME Research, Vienna. [online]. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/craft/family _business /family_business_en.htm. [Accessed: 31. 07. 2017].

Miller, D. and Friesen, P.H. (1982). Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: Two models of strategic momentum. Strategic Management Journal, 3 (1), pp. 1-25.

Miller, D., Steier, L. and LeBreton-Miller, I. (2003). Lost in time: Intergenerational succession, change and failure in family business. Journal of Business venturing, 18 (4), pp. 513-531.

Mohanakrishnan, R. (2020). FAMILY Business – Methods and Essentials of Building Business Families. Notion Press.com.

Morris, M.H., Davis, D.L. and Allen, J.W. (1993). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), pp. 65-89.

Morris, M.H., Williams, R.O., Allen, J.A. and Avila, R.A. (1997). Correlates of success in family business transitions. Journal of Business Venturing, 12 (5), pp. 385-401.

Mueller, S.L. and Thomas, A.S. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of business venturing, 16 (1), pp. 51-75.

Mumford, M.D., Scott, G.M., Gaddis, B. and Strange, J.M. (2002). Leading creative people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships. The leadership quarterly, 13 (6), pp. 705-750.

Naranjo-Valencia, J.C., Jimenez-Jimenez, D. and Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture. Management Decision, 49 (1), pp. 55-72.

Nonaka, I., Byosiere, P., Borucki, C.C. and Konno, N. (1994). Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory: A First Comprehensive Test. International Business Review, 3(4), pp. 337-351.

Nonaka, I., Toyama, R. and Konno, N. (2000). SECI, Ba and Leadership: A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, 33 (1), pp. 5-34.

Nonaka, I., Von Krogh, G. and Voelpel, S. (2006). Organizational Knowledge Creating Theory: Evolutionary Paths and Future Advances. Organization Studies, 27 (8), pp. 1179-1208.

Oney-Yazici, E., Giritli, H., Topcu-Oraz, G. and Acar, E. (2007). Organizational culture: The case of Turkish construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14 (6), pp. 519-531.

Prajogo, D.I. and Sohal, A.S. (2001). TQM and Innovation: a literature review and research framework. Technovation, 21, pp. 539-558.

Rondi, E., De Massis, A. and Kotlar, J. (2018). Unlocking innovation potential: A typology of family business innovation postures and the critical role of the family system. Journal of Family Business strategy.

Saan, R., Enu-Kwesi, F. and Nyewie, N.F. (2018). Factors influencing succession planning for continuity of family business owned businesses in the municipality Ghana. Universal Journal of Management, 6 (5), pp. 166-177.

Schein, E. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45 (2), pp. 109-119.

Sharma, P. (2004). An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future. Family Business Review, 17 (1), pp. 1-36.

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J.J. and Chua, J.H. (2003). Predictors of Satisfaction with the succession process in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (5), pp. 667-687.

Turner, K.L. and Makhija, M.V. (2006). The role of organizational controls in managing knowledge. Academy of Management Review, 31 (1), pp. 197-217.

Ward, J. L. (1997). Growing the family business: Special challenges and best practice. Family Business Review, 10 (3), pp. 323-337.

Westhead, P. and Howorth, C. (2006). Ownership and Management Issues Associated with Family Firm Performance and Company Objectives. Family Business Review, 19 (4), pp. 301-316.

Zahra, S.A. (2005). Entrepreneurial risk taking in family firms. Family Business Review, 18 (1), pp. 23-40.

Zahra, S.A., Hayton, J.C., Neubaum, D.O., Dibrell, C. and Craig, J. (2008). Culture of Family Commitment and Strategic Flexibility: The Moderating Effect of Stewardship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32 (6), pp. 1035-1054.

Zahra, S.A., Hayton, J. and Salvato, C. (2004). Entrepreneurship in family vs. non-family firms: a resource-based analysis of the effect of organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28 (4), pp. 363-381.

Zahra, S.A., Neubaum, D.O. and Huse, M. (2000). Entrepreneurship in medium-size companies: exploring the effects of ownership and governance systems. Journal of Management, 26 (5), pp. 947-976.

Ženko, Z. and Mulej, M. (2011). Diffusion of innovative behaviour with social responsibility. Kybernetes, 40 (9), pp. 1258-1272.

Published
2020-11-03
How to Cite
Letonja, M., & Duh, M. (2020). Family Businesses’ Culture and Innovativeness of Successors. Mednarodno Inovativno Poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management, 12(2), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.32015/JIBM.2020.12.2.6.57-69
Section
Original article