Adult Participation in Learning in Digital Age
Profiles of Clustered European Union Countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32015/JIBM/2019-11-3-3Keywords:
cluster analysis, Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) dimensions, Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD)Abstract
In this paper, we investigated whether and to what extent digitalisation and research intensity in a country (e.g. Slovenia, Croatia) affect the participation of adults in learning (APinL). Statistical analysis for EU28 countries for 2018, carried out by combination of different statistical methods highlighted strong positive correlations of APinL and selected variables (human capital; use of internet services; integration of digital technology; research expenses in GDP - GERD). Clustering and profile chart analysis clearly revealed three clusters of countries differing by achieved level of digitalisation, which conforms closely to the level of APinL. High APinL in digitally advanced countries could be mainly assigned to increased educational needs and new innovative education forms.
References
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2. Dumičić, K. (2013). Multivariate Analysis of Life-long Learning in European Countries. Proceedings of the ISI_59th World Statistics Congress (WSC) on the Web. Hong Kong, 25-30, August 2013; ISBN: 978-90-73592-34-6; Online: http://2013.isiproceedings.org/. Available at: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/wsc/CPS205-P3-S.pdf. [Accessed: 01. 09. 2019].
3. Dumičić, K., Milun, T. (2018). Adult Learning as a Chance for Improving Statistical Literacy of Decision Makers: Focusing the Case of Croatia, In: M. A. Sorto, A. White & L. Guyot (Eds.). Looking back, looking forward. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Teaching Statistics (ICOTS10, July 2018), Kyoto, Japan. Voorburg, The Netherlands: International Statistical Institute. Available at: http://iase-web.org/Conference_Proceedings.php?p=ICOTS_10_2018. [Accessed: 30. 08. 2019].
4. Dumičić, K., Milun, T., Antić, J. (2019). Adult participation in lifelong learning for better employability in selected European countries. University of Tourism and Management in Skopje (UTMS) Journal of Economics, Vol. 10 (1): 41-55. Print ISSN 1857-6974; Electronic ISSN1857-6982. Available at: http://utmsjoe.mk/files/Vol.%2010%20No.%201/UTMSJOE-2019-1001-03-Dumicic-Milun-Antic.pdf. [Accessed: 30. 08. 2019].
5. Dumičić, K., Žmuk, B. (2017). Enhancing statistical culture – the unused potential of Croatian enterprises. Chapter in Baldacci, E., Benoist, G., Boldsen, C., Galambosne Tiszberger, M., Gerendás, J., Karlberg, M., Manninen, A., Nymand-Andersen, P., Poggi, J. M., Sándor, G., Vereczkei, Z. (Eds.). Selected papers from the Conference of European Statistics Stakeholders - Special issue, Eurostat. Working papers. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, pp. 61-71. DOI: 10.2785/091435. ISBN print: 978-92-79-73629-2; Online: ISBN 978-92-79-73628-5; Online: Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/8435601/KS-TC-17-006-EN-N.pdf/68310461-0930-4c1d-b935-dfdcd9f36f53. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
6. Dumičić, K., Žmuk, B. (2018). Lifelong learning development level in selected European countries: a perspective for improving statistical literacy. In e-Proceedings of Challenges and Innovations in Statistics Education Multiplier Conference of ProCivicStat (Editor: Kovács, P.), Szeged, Hungary, September 07-09, 2017, Szeged: University of Szeged, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, pp. 1-6, ISBN: 978-963-306-575-4. Available at: http://www.eco.u-szeged.hu/english/research/scientific-publications/challenges-and-innovations-in-statistics-education. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
7. European Commission (2010). Europe 2020 - A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Communication from the Commission, European Commission, Brussels. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf. [Accessed: 01. 09. 2019].
8. European Commission (2018). Employment and Social Developments in Europe Annual Review 2018. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=19719&langId=en. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
9. European Commission (2019a). DESI composite index, Digital Single Market, Digital Scoreboard, Human Capital. Available at: https://digital-agenda-data.eu/charts/desi-composite#chart={"indicator":"desi_sliders","breakdown":{"desi_1_conn":5,"desi_2_hc":5,"desi_3_ui":3,"desi_4_idt":4,"desi_5_dps":3},"unit-measure":"pc_desi_sliders","time-period":"2019"}. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
10. European Commission (2019b). DESI composite index, Digital Single Market, Digital Scoreboard, Integration of Digital Technology. Available at: https://digital-agenda-data.eu/charts/desi-composite#chart={"indicator":"desi_sliders","breakdown":{"desi_1_conn":5,"desi_2_hc":5,"desi_3_ui":3,"desi_4_idt":4,"desi_5_dps":3},"unit-measure":"pc_desi_sliders","time-period":"2019"}. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
11. European Commission (2019c). DESI composite index, Digital Single Market, Digital Scoreboard, Use of Internet. Available at: https://digital-agenda-data.eu/charts/desi-composite#chart={"indicator":"desi_sliders","breakdown":{"desi_1_conn":5,"desi_2_hc":5,"desi_3_ui":3,"desi_4_idt":4,"desi_5_dps":3},"unit-measure":"pc_desi_sliders","time-period":"2019"}. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
12. European Commission (2019d). Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). Digital Scoreboard, Digital Single Market. Available at: https://digital-agenda-data.eu/datasets/desi/indicators. [Accessed: 07. 10. 2019].
13. European Commission (2019e). Policies for Ageing Well with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Digital Scoreboard, Digital Single Market. Policies. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/policies. [Accessed: 07. 10. 2019].
14. Eurostat (2019a). Adult participation in learning by sex (APinL). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_04_60. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
15. Eurostat (2019b). Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector (GERD). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_09_10. [Accessed: 07. 09. 2019].
16. Eurostat (2019c). Statistics Explained. Adult Learning Statistics. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Adult_learning_statistics [Accessed: 15. 10. 2019].
17. OECD Frascati Manual (2002). Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, OECD 2002. ISBN 92-64-19903-9. [Accessed: 15. 09. 2019].
18. Păvăloaia, V.D., Georgescu, M.R. Popescul, D, Radu, L.D. (2019). ESD for Public Administration: An Essential Challenge for Inventing the Future of Our Society. Sustainability 11 (3): 880. DOI: 10.3390/su11030880. [Accessed: 07.10.2019].
19. Slovenian Research Agency (2019). Total Intramural Expenditure (GERD) % GDP. https://www.arrs.si/en/analize/odlicnost/izdatki.asp. [Accessed: 15. 10. 2019].
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2019-12-17
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How to Cite
Adult Participation in Learning in Digital Age: Profiles of Clustered European Union Countries . (2019). Mednarodno Inovativno Poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management, 11(3), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.32015/JIBM/2019-11-3-3
