Vključevanje normativnih načel v ekonomsko diplomacijo: trajnostnost in človekove pravice v evropski ekonomski državni politiki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32015/Ključne besede:
ekonomska diplomacija; trajnostnost; človekove pravice; ekonomsko državotvorje; regulativna geopolitika; Evropska unija; normativno upravljanje; podjetja in človekove pravice; strateška avtonomija; ESGPovzetek
Ekonomska diplomacija je bila tradicionalno povezana s spodbujanjem trgovine, privabljanjem naložb in uresničevanjem nacionalnih gospodarskih interesov. V zadnjih letih pa sta trajnostnost in človekove pravice vse bolj prisotna v strateškem jeziku ekonomskega državotvorja. Članek se sprašuje, ali ti zavezniški elementi delujejo kot konkretna merila, ki oblikujejo sodobno ekonomsko diplomacijo, ali pa ostajajo predvsem deklarativni elementi političnega diskurza.
Študija temelji na kvalitativni primerjalni analizi strateških dokumentov Evropske unije, Nemčije, Francije, Nizozemske in Slovenije. Uvaja razlikovanje med normativnim umeščanjem, kjer so trajnostnost in človekove pravice povezane s konkretnimi političnimi instrumenti, kot so trgovinske klavzule, obveznosti skrbnega pregleda ali mehanizmi pregleda naložb, ter normativnim brandingom, kjer takšne zaveze delujejo predvsem na ravni narativa.
Analiza kaže, da je trajnostnost dosegla razmeroma visoko stopnjo institucionalizacije, zlasti na ravni Evropske unije. Zaveze glede človekovih pravic so vse bolj prisotne, zlasti prek pobud za skrbni pregled dobavnih verig, vendar njihova operativna integracija ostaja neenotna. Na splošno ugotovitve kažejo postopno, a pomembno preusmeritev evropske ekonomske diplomacije, v kateri sta konkurenčnost in legitimnost vse bolj oblikovani skozi prizmo trajnostnosti in odgovornosti.
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