Integrating cognitive rehabilitation into comprehensive care for patients with multiple sclerosis: theoretical foundations, clinical practices, and future directions

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is a common and significant feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), often present even in the early stages of the disease. Despite its prevalence, it frequently remains overlooked and inadequately addressed in clinical practice. This article explores contemporary approaches to cognitive rehabilitation in MS, emphasizing the integration of neuropsychological expertise, individualized treatment, and the role of interdisciplinary teams. Based on a literature review, it presents the main characteristics of cognitive changes, assessment approaches, and intervention strategies, including computer-assisted programs, metacognitive techniques, and ecologically oriented methods. The article advocates for the systematic incorporation of cognitive rehabilitation into routine practice and highlights the need for greater accessibility, standardized procedures, and research-driven development in the future.